Inappropriate Hospital Admission According to Patient Intrinsic Risk Factors: an Epidemiological Approach.

BACKGROUND: Inappropriate hospital admissions compromise the efficiency of the health care system. This work analyzes, for the first time, the prevalence of inappropriate admission and its association with clinical and epidemiological patient characteristics. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and economic impact of inappropriate hospital admissions. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of all hospitalized patients in a high complexity hospital of over 901 beds capacity in Spain. The prevalence of inappropriate admission and its causes, the association of inappropriateness with patients' intrinsic risk factors (IRFs), and associated financial costs were analyzed with the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol in a multivariate model. MAIN MEASURES AND KEY RESULTS: A total of 593 patients were analyzed, and a prevalence of inappropriate admissions of 11.9% (95% CI: 9.5 to 14.9) was found. The highest number of IRFs for developing health care-related complications was associated with inappropriateness, which was more common among patients with 1 IRF (OR [95% CI]: 9.68 [3.6 to 26.2.] versus absence of IRFs) and among those with surgical admissions (OR [95% CI]: 1.89 [1.1 to 3.3] versus medical admissions). The prognosis of terminal disease reduced the risk (OR [95% CI]: 0.28 [0.1 to 0.9] versus a prognosis of full recovery based on baseline condition). Inappropriate admissions were responsible for 559 days of avoidable hospitalization, equivalent to €17,604.6 daily and €139,076.4 in total, mostly attributable to inappropriate emergency admissions (€96,805.3). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of inappropriate admissions is similar to the incidence found in previous studies and is a useful indicator in monitoring this kind of overuse. Patients with a moderate number of comorbidities were subject to a higher level of inappropriateness. Inappropriate admission had a substantial and avoidable financial impact.

Prevalence, characteristics, and impact of Adverse Events in 34 Madrid hospitals. The ESHMAD study.

INTRODUCTION: Adverse Events (AE) are one of the main problems in healthcare. Therefore, many policies have been developed worldwide to mitigate their impact. The Patient Safety Incident Study in Hospitals in the Community of Madrid (ESHMAD) measures the results of them in the region. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, conducted in May 2019, in hospitalised patients in 34 public hospitals using the Harvard Medical Practice Study methodology. A logistic regression model was carried out to study the association of the variables with the presence of AE, calibrated and adjusted by patient. RESULTS: A total of 9,975 patients were included, estimating a prevalence of AE of 11.9%. A higher risk of AE was observed in patients with surgical procedures (OR[CI95%]: 2.15[1.79 to 2.57], vs. absence), in Intensive Care Units (OR[CI95%]: 1.60[1.17 to 2.17], vs. Medical), and in hospitals of medium complexity (OR[CI95%]: 1.45[1.12 to 1.87], vs. low complexity). A 62.6% of AE increased the length of the stay or it was the cause of admission, and 46.9% of AE were considered preventable. In 11.5% of patients with AE, they had contributed to their death. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of AE remains similar to the previously estimated in studies developed with the same methodology. AE keep leading to longer hospital stays, contributing to patient's death, showing that it is necessary to put focus on patient safety again. A detailed analysis of these events has enabled the detection of specific areas for improvement according to the type of care, centre, and patient.

Estudio de percepción de seguridad en pacientes aislados y no aislados en un hospital de agudos y análisis de concordancia con su identificación por los profesionales / Study of perception of security in isolated and non-isolated patients in an acute hospital and concordance analysis with their identification by the professionals

Objetivo: Evaluar la percepción del paciente sobre la ocurrencia de incidentes relacionados con la seguridad (IRS) y eventosadversos (EA) en pacientes sometidos a precauciones de transmisión (pacientes aislados) y pacientes no aislados durante suingreso hospitalario y compararlo con los identificados por los profesionales sanitarios en la revisión de las historias clínicas en unhospital público universitario de agudos de la provincia de Alicante.Metodología: Estudio transversal mediante encuesta telefónica a pacientes aislados y no aislados con cuestionario validado depercepción de seguridad sobre la ocurrencia de IRS y EA y posterior análisis de concordancia mediante coeficiente Kappa con losidentificados por el personal sanitario en la revisión de historias clínicas.Resultados: Los pacientes aislados respecto a los no aislados, manifestaron haber tenido menos complicaciones médicas poralguna medicación y estas eran poco graves. Por el contrario, manifestaron tener algo más de complicaciones médicas porintervenciones quirúrgicas y ser poco graves. Finalmente, opinaron haber padecido más eventos adversos, respecto a los noaislados. Las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. En los resultados del índice de concordancia (índice Kappa),de identificación de EA de los pacientes durante su ingreso, y los identificados por los profesionales sanitarios en la revisión de lashistorias clínicas, se observó una fuerza de concordancia leve (Kappa= 0,061).Discusión: Los resultados de nuestro estudio pueden estar influenciados por una escasa información a los pacientes sobre suproceso clínico (diagnóstico, tratamientos y efectos adversos, etc...), esto podría ser la causa del bajo nivel de detección porlos pacientes de los incidentes relacionados con la seguridad que hayan podido suceder durante su ingreso hospitalario...(AU)

Objective: To evaluate the perception of the patient about the occurrences of IRS and AE in patients subjected to transmissionprecautions (isolated patients) and non-isolated patients during their hospital admission and compare it with those identified bythe health professionals in the review of the medical records in a public university hospital for acute care in the province of Alicante.Methodology: Cross-sectional study using a telephone survey in isolated and non-isolated patients with a validated questionnaire in the perception of safety on the occurrence of IRS and AEs and subsequent concordance analysis using the Kappa coefficient withthe identifiers by the health personnel in the review of medical records.Results: The isolated patients compared to the non-isolated ones, stated that they had fewer medical complications due to anymedication and these were not serious. On the contrary, they stated that they had slightly more medical complications fromsurgical interventions and that they were not very serious. Finally, they thought they had suffered more adverse events, comparedto those not isolated. The differences were not statistically significant. In the results of the concordance index (Kappa index), forthe identification of AEs of the patients during their admission, and those identified by the health professionals in the review of themedical records, a slight strength of concordance was discovered (Kappa= 0.061).Discussion: The results of our study may be influenced by insufficient information given to patients about their clinical process(diagnosis, treatments and adverse effects, etc...), this could be the cause of the low level of detection by patients of incidentsrelated to the security that may have happened during their hospital admission...(AU)

The Study on Safety in Hospitals in the Region of Madrid (ESHMAD) design: Screening and analysis of incidents and adverse events.

BACKGROUND: A Study related to Safety in Hospitals in the Region of Madrid (ESHMAD) was carried out in order to determine the prevalence, magnitude and characteristics of adverse events in public hospitals. This work aims to define a useful methodology for the multicenter study of adverse events in the Region of Madrid, to set out the preliminary results of the hospital enrollment and to establish a model of a strategy of training of trainers for its implementation. METHODS: ESHMAD was a multicenter, double phase study for the estimation of adverse events and incidents prevalence across the Region of Madrid. First phase comprehended a 1-day cross-sectional prevalence study, in which it was collected, through a screening guide, information about admission, patient characteristics, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors, and the possibility of an adverse event or incident had happened during the hospitalization. Second phase was a retrospective nested cohort study, in which it was used a Modular Review Form for reviewing the positive screenings of the first phase, identifying in each possible adverse event or incident the classification of the patient safety event, clinical onset, root, and associated causes and factors, impact, and preventability. A pilot study was performed in an Internal Medicine Unit of a tertiary hospital. RESULTS: 34 public hospitals participated, belonging to 6 healthcare categories and with more than 10,000 hospitalisations aggregate capacity. 72 coordinators were enrolled in the strategy of training of trainers, which was performed through five on-site training workshops. In the pilot study, 45.2% patients were identified with at least one positive event of the screening. Of them, 48.1% (25 positive events) were identified as truly AE, with a result of 0.29 EA per analyzed patient. CONCLUSIONS: The ESHMAD protocol allows to estimate the prevalence of adverse events, and the strategy of training of trainers facilitated the spread of the research methodology among the participants.

Decontamination of filtering facepiece respirators using a low-temperature-steam-2%-formaldehyde sterilization process during a pandemic: a safe alternative for re-use.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has caused problems with respirator supplies. Re-use may minimize the impact of the shortage, but requires the availability of an efficient and safe decontamination method. AIM: To determine whether low-temperature-steam-2%-formaldehyde (LTSF) sterilization is effective, preserves the properties of filtering facepiece (FFP) respirators and allows safe re-use. METHODS: Fourteen unused FFP2, FFP3 and N95 respirator models were subjected to two cycles of decontamination cycles. After the second cycle, each model was inspected visually and accumulated residual formaldehyde levels were analysed according to EN 14180. After one and two decontamination cycles, the fit factor (FF) of each model was tested, and penetration tests with sodium chloride aerosols were performed on five models. FINDINGS: Decontamination physically altered three of the 14 models. All of the residual formaldehyde values were below the permissible threshold. Irregular decreases and increases in FF were observed after each decontamination cycle. In the sodium chloride aerosol penetration test, three models obtained equivalent or superior results to those of the FFP classification with which they were marketed, both at baseline and after one and two cycles of decontamination, and two models had lower filtering capacity. CONCLUSION: One and two decontamination cycles using LTSF did not alter the structure of most (11/14) respirators tested, and did not degrade the fit or filtration capacity of any of the analysed respirators. The residual formaldehyde levels complied with EN 14180. This reprocessing method could be used in times of shortage of personal protective equipment.

[Creation and validation of a new in-house synthetic scale to measure patient safety culture]. / Creación y validación de una nueva escala para medir cultura de seguridad del paciente en el medio hispano hablante.

OBJECTIVE: Creation and validation of a new in-house synthetic scale to measure patient safety culture. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional and descriptive study in which the results of the assessment of the level of safety culture in health and non-health professionals of a university hospital are collected using a new in-house synthetic scale as a measurement tool. It is called 'Questionnaire on patient safety culture in a Spanish speaking environment'. The construction process was carried out in six phases: Bibliographic search; Validation of the structure and content of the questionnaire by a group of experts in patient safety using a nominal group technique; Assumptions verification and exploratory factor analysis; Pilot test to ensure its compression by a convenience sample of expert professionals; Modification of version 1.1 after the relevant analyses and analysis of the reliability of the questionnaire. RESULTS: The final version of the questionnaire had nine items, grouped into three factors a priori: Hospital Management support in patient safety, Perception of Safety, and Expectations and actions of the Managers/Supervisors that favour safety. The items were structured using a 5-point Likert scale. A general assessment item on patient safety at the Centre was also included, as well as five open questions to identify actions on patient safety undertaken by the Centre. Finally, the possibility of making observations in a section of free text was included. The comprehension analysis did not recommend, in any case, the revision of the wording or modification of the items. The Spearman and Pearson indices were similar, which allowed us to assume the linearity in the relationships proposed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was satisfactory in all cases, which guaranteed the normal distribution of the variables. The sample was adequate to perform the factorial analysis. Both the Bartlett' sphericity test and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index showed sample quality to perform the analysis. The recommendation of the exploratory factor analysis that advised eliminating 1 item was followed. Specifically, item 9 was eliminated: 'It is only a matter of luck that in my Centre no more errors occur that affect patients'. The analysis of our scale has shown that all the factorial loads were greater than 0.5, which indicates good explanatory capacity of the item for the Dimension. In total, the scale manages to explain more than 60% of the perception by professionals in patient safety, considering an acceptable loss of information. CONCLUSIONS: A new and validated in-house scale has been created to measure patient safety culture in the Spanish speaking healthcare environment.

[Critically ill patient isolation: risk or protection?] / Aislamiento del paciente crítico: ¿riesgo o protección?

INTRODUCTION: Isolation precautions are an effective measure to prevent the spread of multi-resistant microorganisms (MMR). However, its implementation is complex and can increase some risks to the patient. The aim of this study is to determine whether the implementation of isolation precautions increase the risk of patient safety incidents (PSI) in critically ill patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted involving patients admitted to the ICU of a University Hospital, and that required isolation for more than 48h. Period of study: two years (from 2013/03/01 to 2015/03/31). Data source was the electronic medical record. The tools for evaluation were the Modular Review Form questionnaires (MRF1 and MRF2). An analysis was made of PSI and adverse events (AEs) during periods with and without isolation precautions, including the PSI type, severity, and preventability. RESULTS: The study included a total of 76 patients, 74 of whom had at least one PSI. A total of 798 PSI were detected (511 during isolation period), 599 were a No harm incident (NHI) and 199 were adverse AEs. The most frequent PSIs were associated with medication (316) and patient health care (279). Most of them were moderately or highly preventable. The incidence of PSI during periods with and without isolation was 27.3 (SD 33.8) and 29 (39.6) per 100 patient-days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PSIs in ICU are frequent, and the most of them are preventable. The adoption of isolation precautions does not constitute a risk factor for PSI. Improving patient safety culture is essential for an adequate prevention strategy.

[Use of complementary tests in emergencies and their relation with patient safety incidents]. / Uso de pruebas complementarias en urgencias y su relación con incidentes de seguridad.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the use of complementary tests and their relationship with safety incidents in hospital emergency departments. METHODOLOGY: An analysis was performed on 935 patients seen in the 9 hospital emergency departments. The source of data used for the detection of incidents were: emergency department clinical record and reports, together with face-to-face observation in the department, plus a telephone survey of the patient or family member at one week after the care. Statistical tests used: The Student t test for quantitative variables, Chi squared test for qualitative variables, and the ANOVA test. RESULTS: A peripheral venous catheter was used in 397 patients (42.4% (95% CI; 39.3-45.5%)), with a variability with significant differences between hospitals (P<.01), with a range of use from 37% to 81.8%. It was also observed that in 23.4% (95% CI; 19.2-27.6%) of the cases, the catheter was not used after the first blood draw. Radiological tests were requested for 351 patients, 37.7% (95% CI; 34.6-40.8%), also with significant differences between hospitals (P<.01), ranging from 24.6 to 65, 1%. Incidents were detected in 95 (10.2%) patients (95% CI; 8.3-12.1%) in the all the study centres. A higher proportion of safety incidents have been observed in patients where peripheral venous catheter has been used (12.8%) than in those in whom they had not been used (8.5%) (P=.03), as well as in patients on whom an x-ray was requested (12.8%) compared to those who did not (8.64%) (P=.04). A longer stay was also observed in cases with an incident (mean 248.9minutes) than in those where there were none (mean 164.1minutes) (P<.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the other parameters studied. CONCLUSION: A relationship was observed between the use of a peripheral venous catheter (many of them without use) and radiological tests and the occurrence of safety incidents in the Emergency Departments.

[Adverse events related to medication in hospitals from the Valencian Community. EPIDEA Study 2005-2013]. / Eventos adversos relacionados con la medicación en los hospitales de la Comunidad Valenciana. Estudio EPIDEA 2005-2013.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Adverse Events related to Medication (AEM) in hospitals of the Valencian Community in the 2005-2013 study period, and to describe the associated risk factors and their impact. METHODS: This study is based on data and methodology of the Study of Prevalence of Adverse Events in hospitals (EPIDEA), since its inception in 2005 until 2013. AEM produced in each year were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified 344 AEM that occurred in 337 patients, among 35,103 patients studied, giving a prevalence of patients with AEM of 0.96% (IC95% 0.89-1.07). The most prevalent intrinsic risk factors for AEM were hypertension, diabetes and cancer. The most prevalent extrinsic risk factors were peripheral venous catheter, urinary catheter and central venous catheter. Therapeutic groups most frequently involved were systemic antibiotics, cardiovascular drugs and antineoplastics. The 61.17% of AEM was classified as moderate, followed by 27.18% as mild and 11.65% as severe. The 33.99% of EAM caused increase of the patient's stay and 39.90% of EAM caused the re-entry of patient. The 58.5% of AEM were avoidable. Mild AEM were avoidable in 46.3%, moderate AEM were avoidable in 60.3% and severe AEM were in 75% (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of patients with AEM in hospitals of the Community of Valencia for the period 2005- 2013 was 0.96%. More than half of AEM were preventable, and preventability increases significantly with the severity of the event.

[Regional Study of Patient Safety Incidents (ERIDA) in the Emergency Services]. / Estudio Regional de Incidentes Derivados de la Atención (ERIDA) en Urgencias.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the patient safety incidents that occur in the emergency departments of our region. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Observational study conducted in all the hospital emergency departments in the Regional Health Service of Murcia. After systematic random sampling, data were collected during care and a week later by telephone survey. Health professionals of each service were trained and collected the information, following the methodology of the National Study of Adverse Events Related to Hospitalization -ENEAS- and the Adverse Events Related to Spanish Hospital Emergency Department Care -EVADUR-. RESULTS: A total of 393 samples were collected, proportional to the cases treated in each hospital. In 10 cases (3.1%) the complaint was a previous safety incident. At least one incident was detected in 47 patients (11.95%; 8.7 to 15.1%). In 3 cases there were 2 incidents, bringing the number of incidents to 50. Regarding the impact, the 51% of incidents caused harm to the patients. The effects more frequent in patients were the need for repeat visits (9 cases), and mismanagement of pain (8 cases). In 24 cases (51.1%) health care was not affected, although 3 cases required an additional test, 11 cases required further consultation, and led to hospitalisation in 2 cases. The most frequent causal factors of these incidents were medication (14) and care (12). The incidents were considered preventable in 60% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: A rate of incidents in the emergency departments, representative of the region, has been obtained. The implications of the results for the population means that 12 out of every 100 patients treated in emergency departments have an adverse event, and 7 of these are avoidable.

[Identification of adverse events in hospitalised influenza patients]. / Identificación de eventos adversos en pacientes hospitalizados por gripe.

OBJECTIVE: To test the inter-observer agreement in identifying adverse events (AE) in patients hospitalized by flu and undergoing precautionary isolation measures. METHODS: Historical cohort study, 50 patients undergoing isolation measures due to flu, and 50 patients without any isolation measures. RESULTS: The AE incidence ranges from 10 to 26% depending on the observer (26% [95%CI: 17.4%-34.60%], 10% [95%CI: 4.12%-15.88%], and 23% [95%CI: 14.75%-31.25%]). It was always lower in the cohort undergoing the isolation measures. This difference is statistically significant when the accurate definition of a case is applied. The agreement as regards the screening was good (higher than 76%; Kappa index between 0.29 and 0.81). The agreement as regards the accurate identification of AE related to care was lower (from 50 to 93.3%, Kappa index from 0.20 to 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: Before performing an epidemiological study on AE, interobserver concordance must be analyzed to improve the accuracy of the results and the validity of the study. Studies have different levels of reliability. Kappa index shows high levels for the screening guide, but not for the identification of AE. Without a good methodology the results achieved, and thus the decisions made from them, cannot be guaranteed. Researchers have to be sure of the method used, which should be as close as possible to the optimal achievable.

Plan estratégico integral de seguridad en el uso de medicamentos en un departamento sanitario / Comprehensive drug safety plan in a health department

Objetivo: Elaborar un plan estratégico integral para el uso seguro de los medicamentos en un hospital para el trienio 2009-2011 y su posterior puesta en marcha. Material y métodos: Aplicando la metodología de análisis de debilidades, amenazas, fortalezas, oportunidades (DAFO) se analizó la situación de partida y posteriormente se elaboró una gran estrategia o plan, definiendo el alcance, las responsabilidades, los objetivos y las actividades estratégicas e indicadores de medición de resultados de consecución de las mismas. Resultados: Se realizó un plan estratégico integral para el uso seguro de los medicamentos con el objetivo principal de identificar y disminuir los problemas relacionados con la medicación (PRM) en los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital San Juan de Alicante. Contenía 5 objetivos estratégicos, 20 actividades estratégicas y los correspondientes indicadores de resultado para evaluarlo tras su implantación. Además incluyó un cronograma para su establecimiento y posterior evaluación. Discusión: La elaboración de un plan integral estratégico puede facilitar el conocimiento de la situación de partida en materia de seguridad. Los resultados obtenidos tras su implantación definirán su aplicabilidad. Debido a la falta de publicación de planes similares y sus resultados, la evaluación de este plan será de utilidad tanto si estos resultados son o no favorables. Como posibles beneficios secundarios a la elaboración, el equipo multidisciplinar sigue trabajando en mejorar la seguridad del paciente en el proceso asistencial, y la cultura de seguridad sigue creciendo entre los profesionales implicados (AU)

Objective: To develop and implement a comprehensive drug safety plan in a hospital for the years 2009-2011.Material and methods: Applying the Strengths Weaknesses/Limitations Opportunities Threats(SWOT) methodology, the baseline situation was analyzed and a broad strategy or plan was subsequently developed, defining the scope, responsibilities, objectives and strategic actions and indicators in order to measure the achievement of the results. Results: A comprehensive drug safety plan with the main objective of identifying and reducing the medication-related problems in patients treated in the Hospital de San Juan in Alicante has been developed. The plan contains five strategic objectives, twenty strategic actions and the indicators to assess its outcomes. It also contains a timetable for its establishment and evaluation. Discusion: Developing a comprehensive strategic plan allows the current situation relating to drug safety to be determined. The results obtained after its introduction will define its applicability. Due to the lack of publications of similar plans and results, the evaluation of this plan will be useful whether it is favorable or not. As a side benefit of the development, the multidisciplinary team continues to work on improving patient safety in the care process, and the safety culture continues to grow among the professionals (AU)

[Comprehensive drug safety plan in a health department]. / Plan estratégico integral de seguridad en el uso de medicamentos en un departamento sanitario.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and implement a comprehensive drug safety plan in a hospital for the years 2009-2011. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Applying the Strengths Weaknesses/Limitations Opportunities Threats (SWOT) methodology, the baseline situation was analyzed and a broad strategy or plan was subsequently developed, defining the scope, responsibilities, objectives and strategic actions and indicators in order to measure the achievement of the results. RESULTS: A comprehensive drug safety plan with the main objective of identifying and reducing the medication-related problems in patients treated in the Hospital de San Juan in Alicante has been developed. The plan contains five strategic objectives, twenty strategic actions and the indicators to assess its outcomes. It also contains a timetable for its establishment and evaluation. DISCUSION: Developing a comprehensive strategic plan allows the current situation relating to drug safety to be determined. The results obtained after its introduction will define its applicability. Due to the lack of publications of similar plans and results, the evaluation of this plan will be useful whether it is favorable or not. As a side benefit of the development, the multidisciplinary team continues to work on improving patient safety in the care process, and the safety culture continues to grow among the professionals.

Conferencia de consenso sobre información de eventos adversos a pacientes y familiares / Consensus conference on providing information of adverse events to patients and relatives

Objetivo. Elaborar unas recomendaciones sobre «Información de eventos adversos a pacientes y familiares», mediante la realización de una conferencia de consenso. Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de la evidencia disponible, de las principales publicaciones de políticas y guías internacionales y la legislación específica desarrollada en algunos países sobre dicho proceso. La revisión bibliográfica constituyó la base para dar respuesta a una serie de preguntas planteadas en una sesión pública. Un grupo de expertos presentaron la mejor evidencia disponible interaccionando con las partes interesadas. Al término de la sesión un jurado, interdisciplinario y multiprofesional, estableció las recomendaciones finales de la conferencia de consenso. Resultados. Las principales recomendaciones abogan por el interés de elaborar políticas y guías institucionales en nuestro ámbito que favorezcan el proceso de información sobre eventos adversos a los pacientes. Se destaca la necesidad de formación de los profesionales en habilidades de comunicación y en seguridad del paciente, así como el desarrollo de estrategias de soporte a los profesionales que se ven implicados en un evento adverso. Se considera evaluar el interés e impacto de legislación específica que ayudará a la implantación de dichas políticas. Conclusiones. Es necesario un cambio cultural a todos los niveles, matizado y adaptado a las circunstancias específicas sociales y culturales de nuestro ámbito social y sanitario, e implicar a todos los actores del sistema para crear un marco de confianza y credibilidad en el que pueda hacerse efectivo el proceso de información sobre eventos adversos (AU)

Objective: To develop recommendations regarding «Information about adverse events to patients and their families», through the implementation of a consensus conference. Material and methods: A literature review was conducted to identify all relevant articles, the major policies and international guidelines, and the specific legislation developed in some countries on this process. The literature review was the basis for responding to a series of questions posed in a public session. A group of experts presented the best available evidence, interacting with stakeholders. At the end of the session, an interdisciplinary and multi-professional jury established the final recommendations of the consensus conference. Results: The main recommendations advocate the need to develop policies and institutional guidelines in our field, favouring the patient adverse events disclosure process. The recommendations emphasize the need for the training of professionals in communication skills and patient safety, as well as the development of strategies for supporting professionals who are involved in an adverse event. The assessment of the interest and impact of specific legislation that would help the implementation of these policies was also considered. Conclusions: A cultural change is needed at all levels, nuanced and adapted to the specific social and cultural aspects of our social and health spheres, and involves all stakeholders in the system to create a framework of trust and credibility in which the processing of information about adverse events may become effective (AU)

[Consensus conference on providing information of adverse events to patients and relatives]. / Conferencia de consenso sobre información de eventos adversos a pacientes y familiares.

OBJECTIVE: To develop recommendations regarding «Information about adverse events to patients and their families¼, through the implementation of a consensus conference. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted to identify all relevant articles, the major policies and international guidelines, and the specific legislation developed in some countries on this process. The literature review was the basis for responding to a series of questions posed in a public session. A group of experts presented the best available evidence, interacting with stakeholders. At the end of the session, an interdisciplinary and multi-professional jury established the final recommendations of the consensus conference. RESULTS: The main recommendations advocate the need to develop policies and institutional guidelines in our field, favouring the patient adverse events disclosure process. The recommendations emphasize the need for the training of professionals in communication skills and patient safety, as well as the development of strategies for supporting professionals who are involved in an adverse event. The assessment of the interest and impact of specific legislation that would help the implementation of these policies was also considered. CONCLUSIONS: A cultural change is needed at all levels, nuanced and adapted to the specific social and cultural aspects of our social and health spheres, and involves all stakeholders in the system to create a framework of trust and credibility in which the processing of information about adverse events may become effective.

Evaluación del estudio de contactos de tuberculosis en el Departamento de Salud 17 de Alicante / Assessment of tuberculosis contact tracing in the 17th health area in Alicante

Objetivo: Evaluar el estudio de contactos (EC) de tuberculosis realizado en nuestro servicio y analizar la demora en el diagnóstico y en la notificación de los casos de tuberculosis y el retraso en el inicio del EC. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de los casos índices de tuberculosis y sus contactos declarados, además de la adecuación del manejo de los contactos estudiados, y se calculó la demora en el diagnóstico y la notificación de los casos de tuberculosis y la demora en el inicio del estudio de contactos. Resultados: La tasa global de tuberculosis encontrada fue de 10,91 por 100.000 habitantes durante el total de años de estudio. Se identificaron 128 casos de tuberculosis y 635 contactos. Para todos los casos de tuberculosis, la mediana de la demora diagnóstica total fue de 45 días, de la demora en la declaración de tres días y de la demora en el inicio del estudio de contactos de 9,5 días. Entre los contactos evaluados se diagnosticaron ocho nuevos casos de tuberculosis. En el 94,5% de los contactos estudiados el manejo fue adecuado. Conclusión: El manejo de los contactos de tuberculosis fue en su mayor parte adecuado. La demora diagnóstica para los casos de tuberculosis fue elevada, mientras que el retraso en la notificación de los casos de tuberculosis y en el inicio del estudio de contactos, estuvieron en límites normales (AU)

Objective: To assess the tuberculosis (TB) contact investigations conducted in our Department and to analyze the delay in diagnosis and reporting of TB cases and the delay in starting the contacts investigations. Methods: We carried out a retrospective observational study of the reported tuberculosis index cases and their contacts. We analyzed the adequacy of management of contacts investigations and calculated the delay in diagnosis and reporting of TB cases in addition to the delay in the onset of contacts study. Results: The overall rate of tuberculosis found was 10.91 per 100,000 inhabitants during the total years of study. We identified 635 contacts of 128 tuberculosis cases. The median from total diagnostic delay was 45 days, from delay in the notification three days and from delay in the start of contact investigations 9,5 days for all TB cases. Among the assessed contacts were diagnosed eight new TB cases during contact investigations. In the 94.5% of studied contacts the management was adequate. Conclusion: The management of TB contacts was mostly adequate. The delay in diagnosis for tuberculosis cases was elevated. The delay in the notification of tuberculosis cases and the delay in the start of contacts investigations were found within normal limits (AU)

Plan de seguridad clínica del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA). Diagnóstico inicial: estudio de eventos adversos / Clinical safety plan in a university hospital complex. Initial diagnosis: Study of adverse events

Objetivos. Determinar la incidencia de eventos adversos (EA) y de pacientes con EA en el Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA). Identificar y definir los EA ligados a la asistencia; analizar los EA evitables y conocer su impacto; planificar las acciones de mejora. Método. Diseño. Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes. Ámbito de estudio. Pacientes dados de alta del 5 al 19 de noviembre de 2007. Definición de caso Todo accidente o incidente recogido en la historia clínica que ha causado daño al paciente o lo ha podido causar. Instrumentalización. Guía de cribado de efectos adversos, adaptada del estudio de Harvard. Versión española del formulario modular para revisión retrospectiva de casos, MRF2. Análisis estadístico. Análisis univariante, bivariante y modelo de regresión logística. Resultados. La incidencia de pacientes con EA relacionados con la asistencia hospitalaria fue de 6,8%. La incidencia fue diferente significativamente según: edad, presencia de factores de riesgo intrínseco y extrínseco (excluyendo el catéter venoso periférico). El 8,2% de los EA se relacionaron con cuidados, el 14,3% con medicación, el 26,5% con infecciones nosocomiales, el 35,7% con problemas técnicos en procedimientos, el 11,2% con diagnóstico y el 4,1% restante con otros tipos de EA. El 12,2% se consideraron leves, 78,6% moderados y 8,2% graves. El 50% de EA aumentaron la estancia, y en un 34,7% condicionó el ingreso. El 63,3% de los EA se consideraron evitables. Conclusiones. El estudio de EA en el CHUA constituye un aspecto de mejora dentro del programa de calidad del hospital. Las incidencias de pacientes con EA y con la asistencia sanitaria se encuentran entre las alcanzadas en el conjunto de estudios cuyo objetivo es la mejora de la calidad(AU)

Objectives. To establish the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and incidence of patients with AEs in the University Hospital Complex of Albacete (CHUA); to identify and define the AEs which are linked to health care; to analyse avoidable AE and determine their impact; to plan improvement actions. Method. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Sample. Patients registered from 5 November to 19 November, 2007. Case definition. Any accident or incident reported in the medical record which injured or may have injured the patient. Material. Adverse Events Screening Guide, adapted from the Harvard study. Spanish version of the Modular Review Form (MRF2) for retrospective case record review. Statistical Analysis. Univariate and bivariate analysis and logistic regression model. Results. The incidence of patients with AEs linked to hospital care was 6.8%. The incidence was significantly different depending on: age, presence of intrinsic or extrinsic risk factors (excluding peripheral venous catheter); 8.2% of AE was linked to care; 14.3% to medication; 26.5% to nosocomial infections; 35.7% to technical problems in procedures; 11.2% to diagnosis, and the remaining 4.1% to other types of AEs. In these incidences, 12.2% were considered mild, 78.6% moderate and 8.2% serious. Half (50%) of AEs caused an increase in hospital stay, and in 34.7% cases determined hospitalisation. A total of 63.3% of AEs were considered avoidable. Conclusions. The study of AEs in the CHUA represents an improvement within the hospital quality program. Incidences of patients with AEs and those related to health care fall within the range of those found in the studies where the objective was quality improvement(AU)